পাতনি:
প্ৰযুক্তিৰ জগতখনত দ্ৰুতগতিত সম্প্ৰসাৰিত হোৱা এটা ক্ষেত্ৰ হ'ল কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞান। ই এনে এক ক্ষেত্ৰ যিয়ে আমাৰ জীৱন-যাপন, কাম কৰা আৰু যোগাযোগৰ ধৰণত এক বৈপ্লৱিক পৰিৱৰ্তন আনিছে। স্মাৰ্টফোনৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি স্বয়ংচালিত গাড়ীলৈকে কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞানে আমাৰ জীৱনৰ প্ৰতিটো দিশতে যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে। এই ব্লগ পোষ্টটোত আমি কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞানৰ মনোমোহা জগতখন আৰু ইয়াৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰয়োগৰ বিষয়ে অন্বেষণ কৰিম।
কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞান কি?
কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞান হৈছে কম্পিউটাৰ আৰু গণনা ব্যৱস্থাৰ অধ্যয়ন। ইয়াত কম্পিউটিঙৰ তাত্ত্বিক আৰু ব্যৱহাৰিক দুয়োটা দিশ জড়িত হৈ থাকে। তাত্ত্বিক কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞানে এলগৰিদম, প্ৰগ্ৰেমিং ভাষা আৰু কম্পিউটিঙৰ গাণিতিক ভেটিৰ অধ্যয়নৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰে। ব্যৱহাৰিক কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞানে চফট্ ৱেৰ, হাৰ্ডৱেৰ, আৰু কম্পিউটাৰ ব্যৱস্থাৰ ডিজাইন আৰু বিকাশৰ সৈতে জড়িত।
কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞানৰ প্ৰয়োগ:
ব্যৱসায়, স্বাস্থ্যসেৱা, শিক্ষা, মনোৰঞ্জন আদি বিভিন্ন ক্ষেত্ৰত কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞানৰ অগণন প্ৰয়োগ আছে। ইয়াত কেইটামান উদাহৰণ দিয়া হ'ল:
কৃত্ৰিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা: কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞানৰ অন্যতম ৰোমাঞ্চকৰ প্ৰয়োগ হৈছে কৃত্ৰিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা (AI)। এআইৰ অন্তৰ্গত বুদ্ধিমান যন্ত্ৰ সৃষ্টি কৰা যিয়ে সাধাৰণতে মানুহৰ বুদ্ধিমত্তাৰ প্ৰয়োজন হোৱা কামবোৰ কৰিব পাৰে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত বাক্য চিনাক্তকৰণ, ছবি চিনাক্তকৰণ, আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক ভাষা প্ৰক্ৰিয়াকৰণ আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত।
চাইবাৰ সুৰক্ষাঃ ইণ্টাৰনেট আৰু প্ৰযুক্তিৰ ব্যৱহাৰ বৃদ্ধি পোৱাৰ লগে লগে চাইবাৰ সুৰক্ষা আমাৰ জীৱনৰ এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ দিশত পৰিণত হৈছে। চাইবাৰ আক্ৰমণৰ পৰা স্পৰ্শকাতৰ তথ্য সুৰক্ষিত কৰিবলৈ চাইবাৰ সুৰক্ষা ব্যৱস্থা বিকশিত আৰু কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাত কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞানে উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা পালন কৰে।
স্বাস্থ্যসেৱাঃ কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞানে স্বাস্থ্যসেৱা উদ্যোগত এক বৈপ্লৱিক পৰিৱৰ্তন আনিছে। ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক স্বাস্থ্য ৰেকৰ্ডৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি টেলিমেডিচিনলৈকে কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞানে চিকিৎসক আৰু স্বাস্থ্যসেৱাৰ পেছাদাৰীসকলক তেওঁলোকৰ ৰোগীসকলক উন্নত যত্ন প্ৰদান কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম কৰিছে।
শিক্ষাঃ কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞান শিক্ষাৰ এক অপৰিহাৰ্য অংগ হৈ পৰিছে। অনলাইন শিক্ষণ মঞ্চৰ পৰা শিক্ষামূলক খেললৈকে কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞানে শিক্ষাক অধিক সুলভ আৰু আকৰ্ষণীয় কৰি তুলিছে।
কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞানৰ ভৱিষ্যত:
কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞানৰ ক্ষেত্ৰখন ক্ৰমাগতভাৱে বিকশিত হৈ আছে, আৰু ই কি লাভ কৰিব পাৰে তাৰ কোনো সীমা নাই। এআই, মেচিন লাৰ্নিং, কোৱাণ্টাম কম্পিউটিঙৰ উন্নতিৰ লগে লগে সম্ভাৱনাৰ অন্তহীন। ভৱিষ্যতে আমি অধিক বুদ্ধিমান মেচিন, স্বায়ত্তশাসিত বাহন, আৰু ব্যক্তিগতকৃত চিকিৎসা আদি দেখা পাম বুলি আশা কৰিব পাৰো।
উপসংহাৰ:
কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞান এক মনোমোহা ক্ষেত্ৰ যিয়ে আমাৰ জীৱনত গভীৰ প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে। ই আমাক ইজনে সিজনৰ লগত যোগাযোগ কৰিবলৈ, আঙুলিৰ মূৰত তথ্য লাভ কৰিবলৈ আৰু এসময়ত অসম্ভৱ কামবোৰ সম্পন্ন কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম কৰি তুলিছে। প্ৰযুক্তিৰ অহৰহ উন্নতিৰ লগে লগে কম্পিউটাৰ বিজ্ঞানৰ ক্ষেত্ৰখনে আমি কল্পনা কৰিব নোৱাৰা ধৰণে বিকশিত হৈ আমাৰ ভৱিষ্যত গঢ়ি তুলিব।
COMPUTER
SCIENCE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE(200)
1.What is the full form of CPU?
Ans: Central Processing Unit
2.Who is the father of computer science?
Ans: Alan Turing
3.What is a database?
Ans: A structured collection of data.
4.What is an algorithm?
Ans: A set of instructions for solving a problem or
completing a task.
5.What is a compiler?
Ans: A software tool that converts high-level programming
language into machine code.
6.What is the full form of RAM?
Ans: Random Access Memory.
7.What is a byte?
Ans: A unit of digital information consisting of 8 bits.
8.What is a bit?
Ans: The smallest unit of digital information, either a 0 or
a 1.
9.What is a server?
Ans: A computer program or device that provides functionality
to other programs or devices.
10.What is an operating system?
Ans: A software that manages the hardware and software
resources of a computer.
11.What is a network?
Ans: A group of interconnected devices and computers that
communicate with each other.
12.What is the difference between a website and a web
application?
Ans: A website is a collection of static pages, while a web
application is interactive and allows users to perform tasks.
13.What is a cache?
Ans: A temporary storage area for frequently accessed data.
14.What is a firewall?
Ans: A security system that monitors and controls incoming
and outgoing network traffic.
15.What is a router?
Ans: A device that forwards data packets between computer
networks.
16.What is the full form of HTML?
Ans: Hypertext Markup
Language.
17.What is CSS?
Ans: Cascading Style Sheets, used to describe the
presentation of a document written in HTML.
18.What is JavaScript?
Ans: A programming language used to make web pages
interactive.
19.What is SQL?
Ans: Structured Query Language, used to manage relational
databases.
20.What is a GUI?
Ans: Graphical User Interface, a type of user interface that
allows users to interact with a computer through graphical elements.
21.What is a kernel?
Ans: The central
component of an operating system that manages the system's resources.
22.What is a thread?
Ans: A sequence of instructions within a program that can be
executed independently of other code.
23.What is a process?
Ans: An instance of a computer program that is being
executed.
24.What is a deadlock?
Ans: A situation in
which two or more processes are unable to continue executing because each is
waiting for the other to finish.
25.What is a semaphore?
Ans: A synchronization object used to control access to a
shared resource.
26.What is an interrupt?
Ans: A signal to the
computer's operating system that an event has occurred, requiring immediate
attention.
27.What is a cache hit?
Ans: When the requested data is already in the cache, and the
cache is able to retrieve it without accessing the main memory.
28.What is a cache miss?
Ans: When the requested data is not in the cache and needs to
be retrieved from the main memory.
29.What is a deadlock prevention?
Ans: A method of ensuring that deadlocks do not occur by preventing
one of the four necessary conditions for a deadlock.
30.What is a deadlock avoidance?
Ans: A method of ensuring that deadlocks do not occur by
detecting the possibility of a deadlock before it happens.
31.What is a deadlock recovery?
Ans: A method of resolving a deadlock after it has occurred.
32.What is a disk partition?
Ans: A section of a
hard disk drive that is treated as a separate storage
33.What is virtual memory?
Ans: A memory management technique that allows a computer to
use more memory than it physically has available.
34.What is a cache coherence problem?
Ans: A problem that arises when multiple processors or cores
access the same data in a shared cache, and the cache needs to ensure that all
the copies of the data are consistent.
35.What is a binary search?
Ans: A search algorithm that finds the position of a target
value within a sorted array.
36.What is a bubble sort?
Ans: A simple sorting
algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list to be sorted, compares each
pair of adjacent items and swaps them if they are in the wrong order.
37.What is a merge sort?
Ans: A sorting
algorithm that uses a divide-and-conquer strategy to divide a list into two
halves, sorts each half separately, and then merges the sorted halves back
together.
38.What is a hash table?
Ans: A data structure that maps keys to values using a hash
function.
39.What is a binary tree?
Ans: A tree data structure in which each node has at most two
children, referred to as the left child and the right child.
40.What is a linked list?
Ans: A linear data structure where each element is a separate
object, linked together by pointers or references.
41.What is recursion?
Ans: A programming
technique where a function calls itself to solve a problem by breaking it down
into smaller sub-problems.
42.What is a stack?
Ans: A data structure that stores a collection of elements
and operates in a last-in, first-out (LIFO) order.
43.What is a queue?
Ans: A data structure
that stores a collection of elements and operates in a first-in, first-out
(FIFO) order.
44.What is a heap?
Ans: A specialized
tree-based data structure that satisfies the heap property.
45.What is a graph?
Ans: A collection of nodes or vertices, connected by edges.
46.What is a breadth-first search?
Ans: A search algorithm that explores all the vertices of a
graph at a given depth before moving on to the vertices at the next depth.
47.What is a depth-first search?
Ans: A search algorithm that explores the vertices of a graph
by visiting as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.
48.What is an adjacency matrix?
Ans: A square matrix used to represent a finite graph, where
the entries of the matrix represent the edges between vertices.
49.What is a directed graph?
Ans: A graph where the edges have a direction, from one
vertex to another.
50.What is an undirected graph?
Ans: A graph where the
edges have no direction, and can be traversed in both directions.
51.What is a spanning tree?
Ans: A subgraph of a
graph that is a tree, and contains all the vertices of the original graph.
52.What is a binary search tree?
Ans: A binary tree data structure in which the values of the
left child are less than the value of the parent, and the values of the right
child are greater than the value of the parent.
53.What is a trie?
Ans: A tree data structure that is used to store a set of
strings, where each node represents a prefix or a complete string.
54.What is a Huffman coding?
Ans: A variable-length coding algorithm used to compress data
by encoding more frequently used symbols with shorter bit strings.
55.What is a file system?
Ans: A method of organizing and storing files on a computer.
56.What is a file descriptor?
Ans: A unique
identifier that is used by the operating system to access a file.
57.What is an operating system?
Ans: A software that manages computer hardware, software
resources, and provides common services for computer programs.
58.What is a process?
Ans: An instance of a computer program that is being executed
by one or many threads.
59.What is a thread?
Ans: A lightweight process that exists within a process and
shares the same memory space.
60.What is a deadlock?
Ans: A situation where two or more processes are unable to
proceed because they are waiting for each other to release resources.
61.What is a semaphore?
Ans: A synchronization object used to control access to a
shared resource in a concurrent system.
62.What is a mutex?
Ans: A synchronization object used to protect a shared
resource in a concurrent system, ensuring that only one thread can access it at
a time.
63.What is a deadlock prevention?
Ans: A technique used
to prevent deadlocks by ensuring that one of the necessary conditions for a
deadlock does not occur.
64.What is a deadlock avoidance?
Ans: A technique used to avoid deadlocks by ensuring that the
system never enters a state where a deadlock can occur.
65.What is a cache?
Ans: A hardware or software component that stores data so
that future requests for that data can be served faster.
66.What is a CPU cache?
Ans: A hardware cache used by the central processing unit
(CPU) of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory.
67.What is a web server?
Ans: A software that delivers web pages over the internet or
an intranet.
68.What is a client-server model?
Ans: A distributed application structure in which a server
provides services to multiple clients.
69.What is an API?
Ans: An application programming interface (API) is a set of
protocols, routines, and tools used for building software applications.
70.What is a RESTful API?
Ans: A type of API that uses HTTP requests to GET, POST, PUT,
and DELETE data in a standardized way.
71.What is a database?
Ans: A structured collection of data that is stored and
organized in a way that enables efficient retrieval and manipulation of that
data.
72.What is SQL?
Ans: Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standard language
used to manage relational databases and perform various operations on the data.
73.What is NoSQL?
Ans: A non-relational database management system that stores
and retrieves data in a non-tabular format.
74.What is a cloud computing?
Ans: A model of
computing where resources such as computing power, storage, and applications
are accessed over the internet instead of being hosted locally on a user's
computer or server.
75.What is virtualization?
Ans: A technology that
allows multiple operating systems or applications to run on a single physical
machine by abstracting the underlying hardware resources.
76.What is a containerization?
Ans: A technology that enables the creation and deployment of
software applications in isolated environments called containers.
77.What is machine learning?
Ans: A type of artificial intelligence that enables computers
to learn from data and improve their performance on a specific task without
being explicitly programmed.
78.What is a neural network?
Ans: A type of machine learning algorithm that is modeled
after the structure of the human brain and is used for tasks such as image
recognition and natural language processing.
79.What is deep learning?
Ans: A subfield of machine learning that uses neural networks
with multiple layers to learn from data and improve performance on complex
tasks.
80.What is natural language processing?
Ans: A field of study that focuses on enabling computers to
understand, interpret, and generate human language.
81.What is computer vision?
Ans: A field of study that focuses on enabling computers to
interpret and understand visual information from the world.
82.What is augmented reality?
Ans: A technology that
superimposes digital information, such as images, sounds, or data, onto the
real world.
83.What is virtual reality?
Ans: A computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional
environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real way by a person
using special electronic equipment.
84.What is encryption?
Ans: The process of converting information into a code to
prevent unauthorized access.
85.What is decryption?
Ans: The process of converting encoded or encrypted data back
into its original form.
86.What is a firewall?
Ans: A network security system that monitors and controls
incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
87.What is a VPN?
Ans: A virtual private network (VPN) is a secure and private
connection between two devices over the internet.
88.What is a phishing attack?
Ans: A type of cyber attack where attackers try to trick
people into giving away sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card
details, by disguising themselves as a trustworthy entity.
89.What is a malware?
Ans: A type of software designed to harm or damage computer
systems, such as viruses, worms, and Trojan horses.
90.What is a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack?
Ans: A type of cyber attack where multiple compromised
systems are used to flood a target website or server with traffic, making it
unavailable to users.
91.What is open source software?
Ans: Software that is released under a license that allows
users to view, use, modify, and distribute the source code.
92.What is a version control system?
Ans: A software tool used to manage changes to code,
documents, or other files over time and keep track of different versions.
93.What is agile development?
Ans: A software development methodology that emphasizes
collaboration, flexibility, and iterative development.
94.What is a software bug?
Ans: An error or defect in software that causes it to behave
unexpectedly or incorrectly.
95.What is a software patch?
Ans: A small piece of software that is designed to fix a
specific problem or issue in an existing software program.
96.What is a software upgrade?
Ans: The process of
updating or improving a software program to a newer or better version.
97.What is a compiler?
Ans: A software tool that translates source code written in a
programming language into machine code that can be executed by a computer.
98.What is an interpreter?
Ans: A software tool that directly executes source code
written in a programming language, without the need for compilation.
99.What is a debugger?
Ans: A software tool used to find and fix errors, defects, or
bugs in software code.
100.What is a code repository?
Ans: A place where code is stored and managed, typically
using a version control system such as Git or SVN.
101.What is a web server?
Ans: A program that serves web pages to clients over the
internet or an intranet.
102.What is a database?
Ans: A structured set of data stored and organized in a way
that allows for efficient retrieval and manipulation.
103.What is SQL?
Ans: Structured Query Language (SQL) is a programming
language used to manage and manipulate data in a relational database.
104.What is NoSQL?
Ans: A non-relational database management system designed to
handle large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data.
105.What is a data center?
Ans: A facility used
to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications
and storage systems.
106.What is a cloud computing?
Ans: A model for delivering computing services, such as
servers, storage, software, and databases, over the internet.
107.What is big data?
Ans: Extremely large and complex data sets that cannot be
easily processed using traditional data processing tools.
108.What is machine learning?
Ans: A branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses
algorithms and statistical models to enable computer systems to improve
performance on a specific task.
109.What is natural language processing (NLP)?
Ans: A field of study that focuses on enabling computers to
understand, interpret, and generate human language.
110.What is deep learning?
Ans: A type of machine learning that involves training
artificial neural networks with multiple layers to perform complex tasks.
111.What is robotics?
Ans: A field of study that focuses on the design,
development, and use of robots to perform tasks that are dangerous, difficult,
or tedious for humans.
112.What is an algorithm?
Ans: A set of
instructions or rules used to solve a problem or complete a task.
113.What is a data structure?
Ans: A way of organizing and storing data in a computer
program, such as an array, linked list, or tree.
114.What is a graph?
Ans: A mathematical structure consisting of nodes (vertices)
and edges that connect them.
115.What is a binary tree?
Ans: A tree data structure in which each node has at most two
children.
116.What is a hash table?
Ans: A data structure that maps keys to values for efficient
retrieval.
117.What is recursion?
Ans: A programming technique in which a function calls itself
to solve a problem or perform a task.
118.What is a linked list?
Ans: A data structure
that consists of a sequence of nodes, each containing a reference to the next
node in the sequence.
119.What is a stack?
Ans: A data structure that follows the Last-In-First-Out
(LIFO) principle, in which the last item added to the stack is the first one to
be removed.
120.What is a queue?
Ans: A data structure that follows the First-In-First-Out
(FIFO) principle, in which the first item added to the queue is the first one
to be removed.
121.What is a compiler?
Ans: A program that translates source code written in a
programming language into executable code.
122.What is an interpreter?
Ans: A program that
executes code written in a programming language directly, without compiling it
into executable code.
123.What is a virtual machine?
Ans: A software implementation of a computer that runs programs
as if they were running on a physical computer.
124.What is a debugger?
Ans: A program that helps developers find and fix bugs in
their code by providing tools for step-by-step execution and inspection of
code.
125.What is version control?
Ans: A system that tracks changes made to files over time,
allowing multiple developers to work on the same codebase without overwriting
each other's changes.
126.What is Git?
Ans: A popular distributed version control system used for
source code management.
127.What is GitHub?
Ans: A web-based platform for hosting and collaborating on
Git repositories.
128.What is a bug?
Ans: An error or flaw in a program that causes it to behave
in unexpected or incorrect ways.
129.What is debugging?
Ans: The process of finding and fixing bugs in a program.
130.What is a breakpoint?
Ans: A point in a program where execution can be paused for
debugging purposes.
131.What is an API?
Ans: An Application Programming Interface (API) is a set of
rules and protocols for building and integrating software applications.
132.What is REST?
Ans: Representational State Transfer (REST) is a software
architectural style used for building scalable web services.
133.What is JSON?
Ans: JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a lightweight data
interchange format used for exchanging data between web applications.
134.What is XML?
Ans: Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language
used for storing and transporting data.
135.What is a web service?
Ans: A software system designed to support interoperable
machine-to-machine interaction over a network, typically through a set of web
APIs.
136.What is a container?
Ans: A lightweight, standalone executable package that
includes everything needed to run an application, including code, libraries,
and dependencies.
137What is Docker?
Ans: A popular containerization platform used for building,
shipping, and running distributed applications.
138.What is Kubernetes?
Ans: An open-source container orchestration platform used for
automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.
139.What is DevOps?
Ans: A software development methodology that emphasizes
collaboration and communication between development and operations teams to
streamline the software development lifecycle.
140.What is agile software development?
Ans: A software development methodology that emphasizes
flexibility and iterative development, with a focus on delivering working
software quickly and continuously improving through feedback.
141.What is a firewall?
Ans: A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or
from a private network.
142.What is a proxy server?
Ans: A server that acts as an intermediary between client and
server requests, allowing clients to make requests indirectly.
143.What is a DNS server?
Ans: A server that translates domain names into IP addresses,
allowing clients to connect to servers using human-readable names rather than
IP addresses.
144.What is a router?
Ans: A networking device
that forwards data packets between computer networks.
145.What is a switch?
Ans: A networking device that connects devices on a local
area network (LAN) by forwarding data packets between them.
146.What is a gateway?
Ans: A networking device that connects two or more different
networks, allowing communication between them.
147.What is a subnet mask?
Ans: A number used to
define the size and range of a network by dividing an IP address into two
parts: a network ID and a host ID.
148.What is a MAC address?
Ans: A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for
communications on the physical network segment.
149.What is a packet?
Ans: A unit of data transmitted over a network.
150.What is latency?
Ans: The time delay
between the moment a request is sent and the moment a response is received.
151.What is bandwidth?
Ans: The maximum
amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given amount of
time.
152.What is encryption?
Ans: The process of converting plain text into a coded language
to prevent unauthorized access.
153.What is decryption?
Ans: The process of converting coded language back into plain
text.
154.What is a key?
Ans: A value used in conjunction with an algorithm to encrypt
and decrypt data.
155.What is symmetric encryption?
Ans: A type of encryption in which the same key is used for
both encryption and decryption.
156.What is asymmetric encryption?
Ans: A type of
encryption in which a pair of keys is used: one for encryption and one for
decryption.
157.What is a digital signature?
Ans: A mathematical technique used to verify the authenticity
and integrity of digital messages or documents.
158.What is hashing?
Ans: A process of transforming data into a fixed-size output
value that represents the original data, often used for verifying the integrity
of data.
159.What is a blockchain?
Ans: A decentralized digital ledger that records transactions
across many computers, making it secure and resistant to modification.
160.What is a smart contract?
Ans: Self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement
between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code.
161.What is an operating system?
Ans: A software that manages computer hardware and software
resources and provides common services for computer programs.
162.What is a file system?
Ans: A method for storing and organizing computer files and
their data.
163.What is a process?
Ans: A program or task that is currently being executed on a
computer system.
164.What is a thread?
Ans: A unit of a process that is scheduled by the operating
system for execution.
165.What is virtual memory?
Ans: A memory management technique that allows a computer to
use more memory than it physically has by temporarily transferring data from
RAM to hard disk storage.
166.What is a kernel?
Ans: The core component of an operating system that provides
basic services for all other parts of the operating system.
167.What is a device driver?
Ans: A program that allows a computer to communicate with a
hardware device.
168.What is a shell?
Ans: A program that provides a command-line interface for
interacting with an operating system.
169.What is a GUI?
Ans: A graphical user interface that allows users to interact
with an operating system and its applications through visual elements such as
windows, icons, and menus.
170.What is a compiler?
Ans: A program that
translates source code written in a high-level programming language into
machine code that can be executed by a computer.
171.What is an interpreter?
Ans: A program that reads and executes code written in a
high-level programming language line-by-line, without first translating it into
machine code.
172.What is a debugger? Ans: A program that helps developers
find and fix errors or bugs in their code.
173.What is version control?
Ans: A system that tracks changes to files over time and
allows multiple people to collaborate on a project.
174.What is agile development?
Ans: A software
development methodology that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer
satisfaction over strict adherence to a plan.
175.What is DevOps?
Ans: A set of practices that combines software development
and IT operations to enable faster and more reliable software delivery.
176.What is a RESTful API?
Ans: An architectural style for designing web services that
use HTTP requests to access and manipulate resources.
177.What is a microservice?
Ans: A small, independent service that performs a specific
function in a larger application.
178.What is cloud computing?
Ans: The delivery of computing services over the internet,
including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and
intelligence.
179.What is virtualization?
Ans: The creation of a virtual version of a device or
resource, such as a server, storage device, or network, rather than a physical
one.
180.What is machine learning?
Ans: A type of artificial intelligence that allows computers
to learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.
181.What is artificial intelligence?
Ans: The simulation of human intelligence processes by
computer systems, including learning, reasoning, and self-correction.
182.What is a neural network?
Ans: A type of artificial intelligence that is modeled after
the structure and function of the human brain.
183.What is natural language processing?
Ans: A type of
artificial intelligence that allows computers to understand and process human
language.
184.What is a chatbot?
Ans: A program that
uses artificial intelligence to simulate conversation with human users, often
used for customer service or other applications.
185.What is a recommendation system?
Ans: A program that uses algorithms and data to recommend
products, services, or content to users based on their past behavior or
preferences.
186.What is blockchain technology?
Ans: A decentralized, distributed ledger that allows for
secure, transparent, and tamper-proof recording and verification of
transactions.
187.What is cybersecurity?
Ans: The practice of protecting computer systems, networks,
and data from theft, damage, or unauthorized access.
188.What is encryption?
Ans: The process of converting information or data into a
code or cipher to prevent unauthorized access.
189.What is a firewall?
Ans: A network
security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network
traffic based on predetermined security rules.
190.What is a VPN?
Ans: A virtual private network that creates a secure,
encrypted connection over a less secure network, such as the internet.
191.What is open-source software?
Ans: Software that is
freely available and can be modified and distributed by anyone, typically with
a license that allows for these actions.
192.What is closed-source software?
Ans: Software that is
proprietary and can only be modified and distributed by its owners, typically
with a license that restricts these actions.
193.What is a software license?
Ans: A legal agreement between a software owner and a user
that outlines the terms and conditions under which the software can be used.
194.What is a patent?
Ans: A legal right granted to an inventor that prevents
others from making, using, or selling an invention for a specified period of
time.
195.What is a trademark?
Ans: A symbol, word, or phrase that identifies and
distinguishes the source of goods or services from those of others.
196.What is a copyright?
Ans: A legal right that gives the owner of a creative work
exclusive control over its use and distribution.
197.What is digital rights management?
Ans: The use of technology to control access to digital
content and prevent unauthorized copying or distribution.
198.What is metadata?
Ans: Data that
describes other data, such as the author, date, or format of a file.
199.What is a cache?
Ans: A temporary
storage area in a computer's memory or on a hard drive that stores frequently
accessed data to speed up processing times.
200.What is a cookie?
Ans: A small piece of data that is sent from a website to a user's web browser and stored on the user's computer to remember information or preferences.
201.Monitor: A display screen that shows visual output from a
computer, including text, images, and video.
202.Printer: A device that produces hard copies of digital
documents, images, or other content on paper or other materials.
203.Speaker: A device that produces audio output from a
computer, such as music, speech, or sound effects.
204.Projector: A device that projects visual output onto a
larger surface, such as a wall or screen.
205.Plotter: A device that produces high-quality, large-scale
prints or drawings, often used for technical or architectural designs.
206.Braille printer: A specialized printer that produces
output in Braille for people with visual impairments.
207.Headset: A device that combines headphones and a
microphone, often used for audio communication in gaming or video conferencing.
208.Digital signage display: A display screen used for
advertising, information displays, or other purposes in public spaces.
209.E-reader: A handheld device that displays digital books
or other text-based content.
210.Smartwatch: A wearable device that displays
notifications, messages, or other information from a connected smartphone or
computer.
